Lithium

Please note: these are basic guidelines, refer to your doctor for a professional medical opinion.

Popular brand names:

Camcolit, Quilonum

Drug group:

Antimanic drug, mood stabiliser

Prescription needed?

Yes

What does it do?

Lithium is used in the treatment of:

• bipolar mood disorder – decreases the intensity and frequency of mood swings
• Depression – when there has been inadequate response to an antidepressant alone
• Aggressive or self-harming behaviour

How should it be used?

• It is best to remain on the same brand of lithium to ensure a consistent effect
• Lithium levels in the blood are affected by the amount of salt in the body - do not suddenly alter the amount of salt in your diet, and drink plenty of fluids
• Many drugs interact with lithium – discuss with your doctor or pharmacist
• An antipsychotic drug is often given with lithium until it becomes effective (usually 2-3 weeks)

What is the typical dosage?

Your doctor will recommend a dosage tailored to your need, but typically:

• Adults 3–1.6g daily, taken 1–2 x daily with meals
• Dose varies according to individual response and blood levels

How quickly will it start to work?

Within 3–5 days, but full effect may take 6–12 months.  
                 

How long will the effects last?

18–36 hours, some effects last for several days                          

When should I stop using it?

Do not stop the drug without consulting your doctor. When lithium therapy is stopped, the dose should be reduced gradually over a few weeks. 
                                                    

Is it safe for prolonged use?

Long-term use of lithium may lead to kidney and thyroid problems. Although using the drug for >5 years is not normally advised, it will be considered if the benefits are significant and tests show no sign of reduced kidney function.

Lithium levels should be checked every 3 months - high levels can cause serious side effects.

What are the possible side effects?

Most side effects are signs of high blood levels of lithium.

The following have been reported:

• More common: increased urine production, thirst, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, tremor, weight gain, unsteadiness
• Report to your doctor before taking your next dose if you experience: drowsiness, lethargy, blurred vision, unsteadiness, slurred speech

What other considerations are important?

Dosage may be adjusted by your doctor under certain conditions.

• Certain health problems: liver/kidney problems, heart/circulation problems, overactive thyroid gland, Addison’s disease
• Other medicines: Diuretics, aspirin, NSAIDs
• Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Not usually prescribed
• Children: Not recommended
• Over 60: Reduced dose may be necessary, increased risk of side effects
• Driving and hazardous work: Caution, the drug can cause reduced alertness
• Alcohol: Avoid, enhanced sedative effects