Efavirenz

Please note: these are basic guidelines, refer to your doctor for a professional medical opinion.

Popular brand names:

Adco-Efavirenz, Aspen-Efavirenz, Atroiza, Erige, Stocrin, Viref

Popular combinations:

Atripla, Eftenem, Odimune, Tenarenz, Tribuss, Trivenz

Drug group:

Antiretroviral, drug for HIV

Prescription needed?

Yes

What does it do?

• Efavirenz is an antiretroviral drug used to treat type 1 HIV infection
• It is always combined with other antiretrovirals to reduce the likelihood of drug resistance
• Combination antiretroviral therapy (HAART- highly active antiretrovial therapy) taken regularly on a long-term basis reduces the viral load in the blood
• Correct use of HAART can prolong life but the patient remains infectious and will relapse if treatment is stopped

How does it work?

• Efavirenz is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)
• It helps fight HIV by reducing replication of the virus

How should it be used?

• Efavirenz is best taken at night to minimize side effects
• It is important not to miss any doses as this can lead to the development of drug resistance

What is the typical dosage?

Your doctor will recommend a dosage tailored to your need, but typically:

Up to 600mg taken once daily, exact dose measured according to body weight

How quickly will it start to work?

Some effect within 1 hour   
                         

How long will the effects last?

24 hours

When should I stop using it?

Do not stop taking the drug without consulting your doctor.

It may be necessary to withdraw all your drugs gradually. 
                                   

Is it safe for prolonged use?

No known problems, but your doctor will take regular blood samples to check the drug’s effects on the viral load, as well as cholesterol and sugar levels.        

What are the possible side effects?

The following have been reported:

• More common: nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea
• Less common: vivid dreams, changes in sleep patterns (usually wear off with time)
• Report to your doctor before taking your next dose if you experience: mood changes, rash

What other considerations are important?

Dosage may be adjusted by your doctor under certain conditions.

• Certain health problems: liver/kidney problems, hepatitis B or C, current/planned pregnancy
• Other medicines: many drug interactions, always check with your doctor or pharmacist before taking any new drugs with Efavirenz
• Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Not safe in pregnancy, safety in breast-feeding not established
• Children: Not prescribed to children <3 years, reduced doses in older children
• Over 60: reduced dose may be necessary to minimize adverse effects
• Driving and hazardous work: caution, the drug can cause dizziness
• Alcohol: Caution, the drug may enhance the effects of alcohol