Tramadol

Please note: these are basic guidelines, refer to your doctor for a professional medical opinion.

Popular brand names:

Dolotram, Tramahexal, Tramal, Tramaspen, Tramazac

Popular combinations:

Tramacet, Tramahexal co, Tramazac Co, Ultracet

Drug group:

Analgesic

Prescription needed?

Yes

What does it do?

Tramadol is a synthetic opioid analgesic used to prevent or treat moderate to severe:

• Acute pain – including following surgery
• Chronic pain – including back injuries or cancer

How should it be used?

Tramadol should be used for the shortest duration possible as it can rarely be habit-forming

What is the typical dosage?

Your doctor will recommend a dosage tailored to your need, but typically:

• Total daily dose for adults: oral 400mg daily; injection 600mg daily
• Taken once daily (MR/SR preparations) or up to 6 x daily (other preparations)

How quickly will it start to work?

Short-acting oral 30–60 minutes; SR oral up to 2 hours;  injection 15–30 minutes    
                           

How long will the effects last?   

Short-acting oral 4 hours; long-acting 12-24 hours

When should I stop using it?

Can be stopped as soon as no longer needed, discuss with your doctor as you may need to stop gradually (to avoid withdrawal effects).

Is it safe for prolonged use?

Long-term use of tramadol can result in dependence. Most people who take it for a short period do not become dependent and are able to stop taking it without difficulty.

What are the possible side effects?

The following have been reported:

• More common: tiredness, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, dizziness, headache
• Less common: constipation (less than other opioids)
• Report to your doctor before taking your next dose if you experience: confusion, hallucinations, seizures, wheezing, breathlessness

What other considerations are important?

Dosage may be adjusted by your doctor under certain conditions.

• Certain health problems: head injuries, liver/kidney problems, heart/circulatory problems, lung disorders including asthma/bronchitis, thyroid disease, epilepsy/seizures
• Other medicines: antidepressants, antipsychotics, carbamazepine, sedatives (including antihistamines and sleeping drugs)
• Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Safety in pregnancy not established, the drug may cause drowsiness in the breastfed baby
• Children: Not recommended under 12 years
• Over 60: Reduced dose may be necessary
• Driving and hazardous work: Avoid, the drug can cause drowsiness
• Alcohol: Avoid, enhanced sedative effects